Early to mid-20th century
• Coffee for mass-consumption
• Creating systems of cultivation and distribution
• Poor quality
Example: Folgers
Mid to late-20th century
• Improved quality
• Introduction of espresso beverages
• Coffee shops emerge
• Streamlining and branding of operations
Example: Starbucks
Late 20th century to present
• Focus on coffee as craft beverage
• Refined brewing techniques
• Individual farms, roasters, terroir
Example: Stumptown